Persistent fossil fuel growth threatens the Paris Agreement and planetary health
Open Access
- 30 November 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by IOP Publishing in Environmental Research Letters
- Vol. 14 (12), 121001
- https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab57b3
Abstract
Amidst declarations of planetary emergency and reports that the window for limiting climate change to 1.5 degrees C is rapidly closing, global average temperatures and fossil fuel emissions continue to rise. Global fossil CO2 emissions have grown three years consecutively: +1.5% in 2017,+2.1% in 2018, and our slower central projection of +0.6% in 2019 (range of -0.32% to 1.5%) to 37 +/- 2 Gt CO2 (Friedlingstein et al 2019 Earth Syst. Sci. Data accepted), after a temporary growth hiatus from 2014 to 2016. Economic indicators and trends in global natural gas and oil use suggest a further rise in emissions in 2020 is likely. CO2 emissions are decreasing slowly in many industrialized regions, including the European Union (preliminary estimate of -1.7%[-3.4% to +0.1%] for 2019,-0.8%/yr for 2003-2018) and United States (-1.7%[-3.7% to+0.3%] in 2019,-0.8%/yr for 2003-2018), while emissions continue growing in India (+1.8%[+0.7% to 3.7%] in 2019,+5.1%/yr for 2003-2018), China(+2.6%[+0.7% to 4.4%] in 2019,+0.4%/yr for 2003-2018), and rest of the world((+0.5%[-0.8% to 1.8%] in 2019,+1.4%/yr for 2003-2018). Two under-appreciated trends suggest continued long-term growth in both oil and natural gas use is likely. Because per capita oil consumption in the US and Europe remains 5- to 20-fold higher than in China and India, increasing vehicle ownership and air travel in Asia are poised to increase global CO2 emissions from oil over the next decade or more. Liquified natural gas exports from Australia and the United States are surging, lowering natural gas prices in Asia and increasing global access to this fossil resource. To counterbalance increasing emissions, we need accelerated energy efficiency improvements and reduced consumption, rapid deployment of electric vehicles, carbon capture and storage technologies, and a decarbonized electricity grid, with new renewable capacities replacing fossil fuels, not supplementing them. Stronger global commitments and carbon pricing would help implement such policies at scale and in time.Funding Information
- Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (5439)
- Australian Government’s National Environmental Science Programme
- European Commission Horizon 2020 (776810)
- CCICC (821003)
- Future Earth
This publication has 15 references indexed in Scilit:
- Net-zero emissions energy systemsScience, 2018
- Alternative pathways to the 1.5 °C target reduce the need for negative emission technologiesNature Climate Change, 2018
- Poverty eradication in a carbon constrained worldNature Communications, 2017
- Natural climate solutionsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017
- Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015The Lancet, 2017
- Key indicators to track current progress and future ambition of the Paris AgreementNature Climate Change, 2017
- The global methane budget 2000–2012Earth System Science Data, 2016
- Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary changeProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016
- Reaching peak emissionsNature Climate Change, 2015
- The Energy-Poverty-Climate NexusScience, 2010