Superradiant evolution of radiation pulses in a free-electron laser

Abstract

We demonstrate analytically and numerically superradiant spiking behavior in the leading and trailing regions of a radiation pulse propagating within a long electron pulse in a single-pass, high-gain free-electron laser (FED). A single superradiant spike is observed when the radiation pulse is shorter than a cooperation length ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{c}}$. We show this work may be relevant to the understanding of the spiking behavior in the FEL oscillator, and to possible spiking mechanisms in a perturbed steady-state amplifier.