From soil to plant, the journey of P through trophic relationships and ectomycorrhizal association
Open Access
- 15 October 2014
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Frontiers Media SA in Frontiers in Plant Science
- Vol. 5, 548
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00548
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for plant growth and productivity. It is one of the most limiting macronutrients in soil because it is mainly present as unavailable, bound P whereas plants can only use unbound, inorganic phosphate (iP), which is found in very low concentrations in soil solution. Some ectomycorrhizal fungi are able to release organic compounds (organic anions or phosphatases) to mobilize unavailable P. Recent studies suggest that bacteria play a major role in the mineralization of nutrients such as P through trophic relationships as they can produce specific phosphatases such as phytases to degrade phytate, the main form of soil organic P. Bacteria are also more effective than other microorganisms or plants at immobilizing free iP. Therefore, bacterial grazing by predators, such as nematodes, could release iP locked in bacterial biomass. Free iP may be taken up by ectomycorrhizal fungus by specific phosphate transporters and transferred to the plant by mechanisms that have not yet been identified. This mini-review aims to follow the phosphate pathway to understand the ecological and molecular mechanisms responsible for transfer of phosphate from the soil to the plant, to improve plant P nutrition.Keywords
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