Abstract
Hexagonal-phase core−shell-structured NaYF4:Yb,Tm@β-NaYF4:Yb,Er and β-NaYF4:Yb,Tm@β-NaYF4:Yb,Er@β-NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals were synthesized by a seeded growth approach. β-NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals with 20 nm diameter were used as seed crystals to induce the growth of β-NaYF4:Yb,Er and then β-NaYF4:Yb,Tm crystals, resulting in the formation of core−shell-structured nanocrystals with upconverting lanthanide ions Tm and Er doped in the core and shell, respectively.