Topographic and electronic contrast of the graphene moiré on Ir(111) probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and non-contact atomic force microscopy

Preprint
Abstract
Epitaxial graphene grown on single crystal transition metal surfaces typically exhibits a moir\'e pattern due to the lattice mismatch between graphene and the underlying metal surface. We use simultaneous scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments to probe the electronic and topographic contrast of the graphene moir\'e on Ir(111) surface. While STM topography is influenced by the local density of states close to the Fermi energy and the local tunneling barrier height, AFM is capable of yielding the 'true' surface topography once the background force arising from the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the tip and the substrate is taken into account. This effect has to be considered in extracting topographic information on all atomically thin films deposited on solid substrates based on force microscopy measurements.