Stability of repulsive Bose-Einstein condensates in a periodic potential

Abstract

The cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with repulsive nonlinearity and an elliptic function potential models a quasi-one-dimensional repulsive dilute gas Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in a standing light wave. New families of stationary solutions are presented. Some of these solutions have neither an analog in the linear Schrödinger equation nor in the integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Their stability is examined using analytical and numerical methods. All trivial-phase stable solutions are deformations of the ground state of the linear Schrödinger equation. Our results show that a large number of condensed atoms is sufficient to form a stable, periodic condensate. Physically, this implies stability of states near the Thomas–Fermi limit.