Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny Reveal Complex Spatial Dynamics in Areas Where Canine Parvovirus Is Endemic
- 1 August 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Journal of Virology
- Vol. 85 (15), 7892-7899
- https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01576-10
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a severe enteric pathogen of dogs, causing high mortality in unvaccinated dogs. After emerging, CPV-2 spread rapidly worldwide. However, there is now some evidence to suggest that international transmission appears to be more restricted. In order to investigate the transmission and evolution of CPV-2 both nationally and in relation to the global situation, we have used a long-range PCR to amplify and sequence the full VP2 gene of 150 canine parvoviruses obtained from a large cross-sectional sample of dogs presenting with severe diarrhea to veterinarians in the United Kingdom, over a 2-year period. Among these 150 strains, 50 different DNA sequence types (S) were identified, and apart from one case, all appeared unique to the United Kingdom. Phylogenetic analysis provided clear evidence for spatial clustering at the international level and for the first time also at the national level, with the geographical range of some sequence types appearing to be highly restricted within the United Kingdom. Evolution of the VP2 gene in this data set was associated with a lack of positive selection. In addition, the majority of predicted amino acid sequences were identical to those found elsewhere in the world, suggesting that CPV VP2 has evolved a highly fit conformation. Based on typing systems using key amino acid mutations, 43% of viruses were CPV-2a, and 57% CPV-2b, with no type 2 or 2c found. However, phylogenetic analysis suggested complex antigenic evolution of this virus, with both type 2a and 2b viruses appearing polyphyletic. As such, typing based on specific amino acid mutations may not reflect the true epidemiology of this virus. The geographical restriction that we observed both within the United Kingdom and between the United Kingdom and other countries, together with the lack of CPV-2c in this population, strongly suggests the spread of CPV within its population may be heterogeneously subject to limiting factors. This cross-sectional study of national and global CPV phylogeographic segregation reveals a substantially more complex epidemic structure than previously described.Keywords
This publication has 44 references indexed in Scilit:
- TOPALi v2: a rich graphical interface for evolutionary analyses of multiple alignments on HPC clusters and multi-core desktopsBioinformatics, 2008
- Phylogenetic analysis reveals the emergence, evolution and dispersal of carnivore parvovirusesJournal of General Virology, 2008
- Transmission Pathways of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the United Kingdom in 2007PLoS Pathogens, 2008
- The genomic and epidemiological dynamics of human influenza A virusNature, 2008
- Canine Parvovirus Types 2c and 2b Circulating in North American Dogs in 2006 and 2007Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2007
- BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling treesBMC Evolutionary Biology, 2007
- Molecular Epidemiology of Canine Parvovirus, EuropeEmerging Infectious Diseases, 2007
- Evolutionary Mechanisms of Persistence and Diversification of a Calicivirus within Endemically Infected Natural Host PopulationsJournal of Virology, 2007
- Purified Feline and Canine Transferrin Receptors Reveal Complex Interactions with the Capsids of Canine and Feline Parvoviruses That Correspond to Their Host RangesJournal of Virology, 2006
- Basic Local Alignment Search ToolJournal of Molecular Biology, 1990