An Update on Canine Adenovirus Type 2 and Its Vectors
Open Access
- 26 September 2010
- Vol. 2 (9), 2134-2153
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v2092134
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors have significant potential for long- or short-term gene transfer. Preclinical and clinical studies using human derived adenoviruses (HAd) have demonstrated the feasibility of flexible hybrid vector designs, robust expression and induction of protective immunity. However, clinical use of HAd vectors can, under some conditions, be limited by pre-existing vector immunity. Pre-existing humoral and cellular anti-capsid immunity limits the efficacy and duration of transgene expression and is poorly circumvented by injections of larger doses and immuno-suppressing drugs. This review updates canine adenovirus serotype 2 (CAV-2, also known as CAdV-2) biology and gives an overview of the generation of early region 1 (E1)-deleted to helper-dependent (HD) CAV-2 vectors. We also summarize the essential characteristics concerning their interaction with the anti-HAd memory immune responses in humans, the preferential transduction of neurons, and its high level of retrograde axonal transport in the central and peripheral nervous system. CAV-2 vectors are particularly interesting tools to study the pathophysiology and potential treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, as anti-tumoral and anti-viral vaccines, tracer of synaptic junctions, oncolytic virus and as a platform to generate chimeric vectors.Keywords
This publication has 119 references indexed in Scilit:
- Evaluation of cross-reactive cell-mediated immune responses among human, bovine and porcine adenovirusesGene Therapy, 2010
- Current Issues and Future Directions of Oncolytic AdenovirusesMolecular Therapy, 2010
- Adenovirus Transport via Direct Interaction of Cytoplasmic Dynein with the Viral Capsid Hexon SubunitCell Host & Microbe, 2009
- New Insights on Adenovirus as Vaccine VectorsMolecular Therapy, 2009
- Effect of Preexisting Immunity on an Adenovirus Vaccine Vector: In Vitro Neutralization Assays Fail To Predict Inhibition by Antiviral Antibody In VivoJournal of Virology, 2009
- Efficacy assessment of a cell-mediated immunity HIV-1 vaccine (the Step Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, test-of-concept trialThe Lancet, 2008
- Activation of a dendritic cell–T cell axis by Ad5 immune complexes creates an improved environment for replication of HIV in T cellsThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2008
- Adenoviruses in Immunocompromised HostsClinical Microbiology Reviews, 2008
- Bovine Adenoviral Vector–based H5N1 Influenza Vaccine Overcomes Exceptionally High Levels of Pre-existing Immunity Against Human AdenovirusMolecular Therapy, 2008
- Cre recombinase-mediated restoration of nigrostriatal dopamine in dopamine-deficient mice reverses hypophagia and bradykinesiaProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006