Dietary intakes of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly docosahexaenoic acid, and the ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 consumption during pregnancy and lactation affect maternal and infant PUFA status and may play a role in infant neurodevelopment. The 1994–1996 U.S. Department of Agriculture/ARS Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, a nationally representative analysis of consumption, provides data on the five major PUFAs in the food supply, including intakes from a subset of 112 pregnant or lactating women. Mean individual daily intakes of omega-6 fats are more than 200% of recommended upper limits proposed by a recent National Institutes of Health workshop, and intakes of omega-3 fats are only 20–60% of recommended adequate intakes. Intakes of omega-3, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid are highest in women older than 40 years of age, those of Asian/Pacific descent, households with income greater than 350% of the poverty level, and women with at least 1 year of college education. Finally, PUFA intakes are compared with intakes in other countries, with U.S. consumption of omega-6 higher and omega-3 lower than those in Japan and several other European nations.