Fossil Evidence for Evolution of the Shape and Color of Penguin Feathers

Abstract

Feather of the Penguin: Penguins are highly adapted for their cold, aquatic environment. Changes in their wings and feathers have allowed rapid swimming and protection from the near-freezing water. Clarke et al. (p. 954 , published online 30 September; see the cover) describe an early penguin, dating to about 35 million years ago, that includes well-preserved feathers. The melanosomes in the feathers, which influence their strength, as well as their color, are like those of many other aquatic birds and unlike those of present-day penguins, even though the morphology of the wings and feathers had already been modified. Thus, in penguins, the shape and form of the feather evolved before microstructural changes occurred. The melanosome arrangement also suggests that the penguin was mostly gray-brown.