Role of aberrant crypt foci detected using high-magnification-chromoscopic colonoscopy in human colorectal carcinogenesis

Abstract

Liaison between gastrointestinal endoscopists and histopathologists is essential to provide the highest standards of diagnostic accuracy and patient management. The histopathologist needs to be aware of the endoscopic findings when interpreting endoscopic biopsies. High-magnification-chromoscopic-colonoscopy (HMCC) is a new technology that provides the endoscopists with much greater resolution and functional staining of the gastrointestinal tract. Using HMCC, the endoscopist is now able to identify subtle changes in the colorectal luminal openings or crypts. Changes in crypt appearances now allow detection of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon, which might themselves be precancerous lesions but additionally might serve as a valid biomarker of subsequent adenoma and colorectal cancer formation. This article describes the role of the aberrant crypt focus in colorectal carcinogenesis and discusses the clinical impact of HMCC techniques as applicable to ACF.