Influence of Female Sex Hormones on Endothelium-Derived Vasoconstrictor Prostanoid Generation in Microvessels of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

Abstract —Although female sex hormones may attenuate endothelial dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by increasing endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs), the influence of ovarian hormones on the generation of endothelium-derived contracting factors (EDCFs) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of estrogen and progesterone on the generation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids and superoxide anion (O ₂ ⁻ ) by microvessels from SHR. Vascular reactivity to norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were evaluated in the mesenteric arteriolar bed from estrous (OE) and ovariectomized (OVX) SHR. OVX-SHR were treated for 24 hours or 15 days with estradiol and for 15 days with estradiol+progesterone. The vascular reactivity was evaluated in the absence or presence of indomethacin (INDO, 10 μmol/L) and sodium diclofenac (DIC, 10 μmol/L), ridogrel (RID, 50 μmol/L), dazoxiben (DAZ, 10 μmol/L), or superoxide dismutase (SOD, 100 U/mL). Prostanoid levels in the arteriolar perfusate of mesenteries with or without endothelium were measured by enzyme immunoassay. An increased reactivity to NE and reduced sensitivity to ACh were observed in microvessels from OVX-SHR compared with OE-SHR. There were no differences in the responses to SNP. Treatments with estradiol and estradiol+progesterone similarly restored these altered responses. INDO, DIC, RID, and SOD also restored the NE and ACh responses in OVX-SHR. DAZ had no effect on the vascular reactivities. The release of PGF _2α , but not of TXB ₂ and 6-keto-PGF _1α , was greater in OVX-SHR than in OE-SHR microvessels with endothelium when stimulated by NE. This response was normalized by hormonal treatments. Neither NE nor ACh stimulated prostanoid production by microvessels without endothelium. These results suggest that estrogen may protect female SHR against severe hypertension partly by decreasing the synthesis of EDCFs such as PGH ₂ /PGF _2α and O ₂ ⁻ .