Improving Dietary Protein Quality Reduces the Negative Effects of Physical Inactivity on Body Composition and Muscle Function
- 28 January 2019
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in The Journals of Gerontology: Series A
- Vol. 74 (10), 1605-1611
- https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz003
Abstract
Brief periods of physical inactivity can compromise muscle health. Increasing dietary protein intake is potentially beneficial but complicated by difficulties reconciling anabolic potential with a realistic food volume and energy intake. We sought to determine whether increasing dietary protein quality could reduce the negative effects of physical inactivity. Twenty healthy, older men and women completed 7 days of bed rest followed by 5 days of rehabilitation. Volunteers consumed a mixed macronutrient diet (MIXED: N = 10; 68 ± 2 years; 1,722 ± 29 kcal/day; 0.97 ± 0.01 g protein/kg/day) or an isoenergetic, whey-augmented, higher protein quality diet (WHEY: N = 10; 69 ± 1 years; 1,706 ± 23 kcal/day; 0.90 ± 0.01 g protein/kg/day). Outcomes included body composition, blood glucose, insulin, and a battery of physical function tests. During bed rest, both groups experienced a 20% reduction in knee extension peak torque (p < .05). The WHEY diet partially protected leg lean mass (−1,035 vs. −680 ± 138 g, MIXED vs. WHEY; p = .08) and contributed to a greater loss of body fat (−90 vs. −233 ± 152 g, MIXED vs. WHEY; p < .05). Following rehabilitation, knee extension peak torque in the WHEY group fully recovered (−10.0 vs. 2.2 ± 4.1 Nm, MIXED vs. WHEY; p = .05). Blood glucose, insulin, aerobic capacity, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) changes were similar in both dietary conditions (p > .05). Improving protein quality without increasing total energy intake has the potential to partially counter some of the negative effects of bed rest in older adults.Keywords
Funding Information
- Dairy Research Council
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01 NR012973)
- National Institutes of Health
- Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30 AG024832)
- National Center for Research Resources (1UL1RR029876)
- UTMB’s Institute for Translational Sciences
- Clinical and Translational Science Awards (UL1TR000071, UL1TR001439)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
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