Selective and Nonselective Packaging of Cellular RNAs in Retrovirus Particles
- 15 June 2007
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Society for Microbiology in Journal of Virology
- Vol. 81 (12), 6623-6631
- https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02833-06
Abstract
Assembly of retrovirus particles normally entails the selective encapsidation of viral genomic RNA. However, in the absence of packageable viral RNA, assembly is still efficient, and the released virus-like particles (termed “Ψ − ” particles) still contain roughly normal amounts of RNA. We have proposed that cellular mRNAs replace the genome in Ψ − particles. We have now analyzed the mRNA content of Ψ − and Ψ + murine leukemia virus (MLV) particles using both microarray analysis and real-time reverse transcription-PCR. The majority of mRNA species present in the virus-producing cells were also detected in Ψ − particles. Remarkably, nearly all of them were packaged nonselectively; that is, their representation in the particles was simply proportional to their representation in the cells. However, a small number of low-abundance mRNAs were greatly enriched in the particles. In fact, one mRNA species was enriched to the same degree as Ψ + genomic RNA. Similar results were obtained with particles formed from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein, and the same mRNAs were enriched in MLV and HIV-1 particles. The levels of individual cellular mRNAs were ∼5- to 10-fold higher in Ψ − than in Ψ + MLV particles, in agreement with the idea that they are replacing viral RNA in the former. In contrast, signal recognition particle RNA was present at the same level in Ψ − and Ψ + particles; a minor fraction of this RNA was weakly associated with genomic RNA in Ψ + MLV particles.Keywords
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