The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term effectiveness of expandable metallic stents in benign biliary strictures associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis and the differences in primary patency of the various types of stents deployed. During a 20-month period, 26 metallic stents (19 Gianturco-Rosch Z stents and seven Strecker stents) were used to treat benign biliary strictures associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis in 23 patients (11 men and 12 women; mean age, 42 years; range, 30-78 years). Insertion routes were percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tracts for 16 stents, T-tube tracts for seven stents, and retrograde endoscopic routes for three stents. The deployed locations were common hepatic or common bile ducts for 11 stents, right or left hepatic ducts for 10 stents, and segmental ducts for five stents. The initial technical success rate was 100%. Two stents in one patient migrated spontaneously. Primary stent patency for the remaining 24 stents was 34 months (range, 3-58 months). Primary stent patency of the Gianturco-Rosch Z and Strecker stents was 50 and 10 months, respectively (p < .05). Primary stent patency for the intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts was 50 and 18 months, respectively (p = .05). Primary patency rates for all stents at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 92%, 75%, 67%, and 46%, respectively. The causes of stent obstruction were recurrent stone or sludge in eight stents and epithelial hyperplasia in five stents. We believe that metallic stent placement is not an effective long-term treatment technique for benign biliary stricture associated with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.