Multimetallic Electrocatalysts of Pt, Ru, and Ir Supported on Anatase and Rutile TiO[sub 2] for Oxygen Evolution in an Acid Environment

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Abstract
Anatase and rutile were investigated as stable supports for different multimetallic nanoparticles (i.e., Pt:Ru, Pt:Ir, Pt:Ru:Ir, and Ir:Ru) and tested for activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Overall, Ir:Ru had the highest activity toward OER (i.e., current per gram of metal) compared to the other multimetallic combinations studied. This bimetallic supported on anatase had a 53% higher current per gram of metal than an unsupported electrocatalyst of the same composition. The higher catalyst utilization of the supported electrocatalysts for OER is consistent with small, well-dispersed nanoparticles, which were observed in high resolution transmission electron microscopy images.