Protein Heterodimerization through Ligand-Bridged Multivalent Pre-organization: Enhancing Ligand Binding toward Both Protein Targets

Abstract
Structure-based design of a bifunctional ligand for two protein pentamers, cholera toxin B pentamer (CTB) and human serum amyloid P component (SAP), leads to multivalent dimerization of CTB and SAP in solution. This multivalent heterodimerization of proteins significantly enhances the affinity of the bifunctional ligand toward both target proteins.