Difference in levels of SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits- and nucleocapsid protein-reactive SIgM/IgM, IgG and SIgA/IgA antibodies in human milk
- 1 September 2020
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Journal of Perinatology
- Vol. 41 (4), 850-859
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-00805-w
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the presence and the levels of antibodies reactive to SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 subunits (S1 + S2), and nucleocapsid protein. Study design The levels of SARS-CoV-2 S1 + S2- and nucleocapsid-reactive SIgM/IgM, IgG and SIgA/IgA were measured in human milk samples from 41 women during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-HM) and from 16 women 2 years prior to the outbreak (2018-HM). Results SARS-CoV-2 S1 + S2-reactive SIgA/IgA, SIgM/IgM and IgG were detected in 97.6%, 68.3% and 58.5% in human milk whereas nucleocapsid-reactive antibodies were detected in 56.4%, 87.2% and 46.2%, respectively. S1 + S2-reactive IgG was higher in milk from women that had symptoms of viral respiratory infection(s) during the last year than in milk from women without symptom. S1 + S2- and nucleocapsid-reactive IgG were higher in the 2020-HM group compared to the 2018-HM group. Conclusions The presence of SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies in human milk could provide passive immunity to breastfed infants and protect them against COVID-19 diseases.Keywords
This publication has 35 references indexed in Scilit:
- Breastfeeding after maternal immunisation during pregnancy: Providing immunological protection to the newborn: A reviewVaccine, 2014
- IgA and Neutralizing Antibodies to Influenza A Virus in Human Milk: A Randomized Trial of Antenatal Influenza ImmunizationPLOS ONE, 2013
- Cross-reactive antibodies in convalescent SARS patients' sera against the emerging novel human coronavirus EMC (2012) by both immunofluorescent and neutralizing antibody testsJournal of Infection, 2013
- Importance of Timing of Maternal Combined Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis (Tdap) Immunization and Protection of Young InfantsClinical Infectious Diseases, 2012
- Polyreactive antibodies in adaptive immune responses to virusesCellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2011
- Kinetics of the Antibody Response to Tetanus-Diphtheria-Acellular Pertussis Vaccine in Women of Childbearing Age and Postpartum WomenClinical Infectious Diseases, 2011
- Broadly cross-reactive antibodies dominate the human B cell response against 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infectionThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2011
- The spike protein of SARS-CoV — a target for vaccine and therapeutic developmentNature Reviews Microbiology, 2009
- SARS and Pregnancy: A Case ReportEmerging Infectious Diseases, 2004
- Mechanism of neutralization of influenza virus by secretory IgA is different from that of monomeric IgA or IgG.The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1985