The Icelandic Individual Transferable Quota System: A Descriptive Account

Abstract

This paper provides a brief description of the evolution and current structure of the individual quota system (IQ) in the Icelandic fisheries. This particular fisheries management system was introduced at different times in different fisheries—in the herring fisheries in 1976, in the capelin fishery in 1980 and the demersal fisheries in 1984. Since 1990 all Icelandic fisheries have been subject to a uniform system of individual transferable quotas (ITQs). The paper discusses the social and economic impetus for the initial adoption of the ITQ fisheries system in the various fisheries, sketches its subsequent development and describes the key elements of the current system. Assessments of the economic impact of the ITQ system are presented in the last part of the paper. Although a definitive study of this impact is not available, the various indicators presented generally indicate an improvement, sometimes substantial one, in the economic efficiency of the fisheries in question.