QBEnd/10: A new immunostain for the routine diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma

Abstract

Kaposi's sarcomas are seen more commonly in routine histopathology laboratories since the advent of the more widespread and aggressive variant of the disease associated with HIV infection. Distinguishing nodular lesions from other spindle cell and vascular tumours can sometimes be difficult. Immunohistochemistry has been disappointing as a diagnostic aid, often requiring special fixation or frozen tissue and even then, staining of spindle cells has been variable. We describe the use of the new IgG1 mouse monoclonal antibody raised against human placental endothelial cells, QBEnd/10, on routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. A retrospective study was performed on 22 Kaposi's sarcomas of skin including patch, plaque, and nodular lesions and compared with 38 other vascular and spindle cell tumours from skin. All sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, QBEnd/10, Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) and for factor VIII-related antigen (FVIIIRAg). The results demonstrate that spindle cells in lesions from Kaposi's sarcomas, but not other vascular or spindle cell tumours, immunostain clearly with QBEnd/10. Immunostaining for FVIIIRAg shows only weak and irregular positivity of the spindle cells, whilst staining with UEA-1 is consistently negative. We find that immunostaining with QBEnd/10 aids the diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcomas and allows their distinction from other spindle cell neoplasms of skin in routinely processed material.