Serum antibodies against the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy

Abstract
A role of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the pathogenesis of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) has been proposed, but the existence and function of anti-IGF-1R-antibodies (IGF-1R-Abs) are debated.
Funding Information
  • Università di Pisa (Fondi di Ateneo)