Free and forced oscillation of a vertical tube containing a flowing fluid

Abstract
A flexible vertical tube, clamped at its upper end and carrying a nozzle at its free lower end, can become unstable when a liquid flows down it. The system is a convenient one for the study of passage through an instability boundary as it is amenable to theoretical and experimental investigation of both free and forced oscillation. This paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the motions with special reference to the instability boundary.
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