Probiotic Preparation VSL#3 Alters the Distribution and Phenotypes of Dendritic Cells within the Intestinal Mucosa in C57BL/10J Mice
Open Access
- 1 August 2009
- journal article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Nutrition
- Vol. 139 (8), 1595-1602
- https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.109934
Abstract
Probiotic nutrients have shown promise in therapy for the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammation, infection, and atopic disease. Intestinal dendritic cells (DC) play a critical role in shaping the intestinal immune response. In this study, we tested the effect of a probiotic preparation (VSL#3) on DC distribution and phenotypes within the intestinal mucosa using a lineage depletion-based flow cytometric analysis. In naïve C57BL/10J mice, intestinal mucosal DC were composed of plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and myeloid DC (mDC). The pDC were the dominant form in lamina propria and Peyer's patches, whereas mDC were the prevailing type in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Additional characterization of pDC and mDC with flow cytometry revealed that they expressed heterogeneous phenotypes in the intestinal mucosa. In mice gavaged with the probiotic VSL#3 for 7 d, the proportion of pDC within the lamina propria was >60% lower, whereas the pDC subset in the mesenteric lymph nodes was more than 200% greater than in sham-treated controls (P < 0.01). Within pDC, the proportion of functionally unique CX3CR1+ DC was greater than in controls in both the lamina propria and the Peyer's patches (P < 0.01). In contrast to pDC, the mDC number was greater than in controls in all intestinal lymphoid tissue compartments in VSL#3-treated mice (P < 0.01). In conclusion, this study suggests that phenotypically and functionally distinct DC subsets are localized to specific lymphoid tissues within the intestinal mucosa and that the VSL#3 probiotic nutritional supplement alters the distribution of the DC subsets within the intestinal mucosa. These changes may be important in the alteration of mucosal immunity following probiotic VSL#3 therapy.Keywords
This publication has 44 references indexed in Scilit:
- 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Is an Autonomous Regulator of the Transcriptional Changes Leading to a Tolerogenic Dendritic Cell PhenotypeThe Journal of Immunology, 2009
- Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Mediate Oral ToleranceImmunity, 2008
- Supernatant from Bifidobacterium Differentially Modulates Transduction Signaling Pathways for Biological Functions of Human Dendritic CellsPLOS ONE, 2008
- Effect of the administration of a fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 on intestinal microbiota and gut associated immune cells of nursing mice and after weaning until immune maturityBMC Immunology, 2008
- Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acidThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2007
- A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-β– and retinoic acid–dependent mechanismThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2007
- Development of Dendritic-Cell LineagesImmunity, 2007
- Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagementThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2006
- Involvement of intestinal dendritic cells in oral tolerance, immunity to pathogens, and inflammatory bowel diseaseImmunological Reviews, 2005
- Essential Role of Lung Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Preventing Asthmatic Reactions to Harmless Inhaled AntigenThe Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2004