Brain Death Induces Inflammation in the Donor Intestine
- 15 July 2008
- journal article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Transplantation
- Vol. 86 (1), 148-154
- https://doi.org/10.1097/tp.0b013e31817ba53a
Abstract
Brain death donors are frequently used for transplantation. Previous studies showed that brain death (BD) negatively affects the immunological and inflammatory status of both liver and kidney. Because the intestine is increasingly used as a donor organ and no information on effects of BD on small intestine is available we performed this study. We studied the inflammatory and apoptotic changes in donor intestine after BD induction. Brain death was induced in rats by inflation of a balloon catheter. Three groups (n=6) were compared: 1-hr BD, 4-hr BD, and sham-operated controls. An increased polymorphonuclear cell influx in ileum, as a measure of inflammation, was observed in 1- and 4-hr BD group compared with controls. Jejunum showed a significant increase at the 4-hr BD group compared with the control group. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and interleukin-6 were upregulated after 1- and 4-hr BD. Caspase-3 positive cells were found in jejunum and ileum after 4-hr BD on the top of the villi. Serum interleukin-6 was severely elevated in the 1- and 4-hr brain dead rats. These data show the early occurrence of intestinal inflammation and apoptosis after BD induction. These events may ultimately have a negative influence on the outcome of intestinal transplantation.Keywords
This publication has 20 references indexed in Scilit:
- Treatment of intestinal failure: intestinal transplantationNature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2007
- The gradual onset brain death model: a relevant model to study organ donation and its consequences on the outcome after transplantationLaboratory Animals, 2007
- Genomewide Expression Profiles of Rat Model Renal Isografts From Brain Dead DonorsTransplantation, 2007
- Current Status of Transplantation of the Small IntestineTransplantation, 2007
- Organ-specific regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules in heart, lung, and kidney following brain deathJournal of Surgical Research, 2005
- Donor Brain Death Aggravates Chronic Rejection after Lung Transplantation in RatsTransplantation, 2004
- Relationship between duration of brain death and hemodynamic (in)stability on progressive dysfunction and increased immunologic activation of donor kidneysKidney International, 2003
- Brain death induces apoptosis in donor liver of the ratTransplantation, 2003
- Role of cell adhesion molecules in leukocyte recruitment in the liver and gutInternational Journal of Experimental Pathology, 2003
- Alterations of intestinal mucosa structure and barrier function following traumatic brain injury in ratsWorld Journal of Gastroenterology, 2003