Nanotube self-organization: Formation by step-flow growth

Abstract
The growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes is considered within the framework of a step-flow kinetics model proposed in 1951 by Burton, Cabrera, and Frank [W. K. Burton, N. Cabrera, and F. C. Frank, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 243, 299 (1951)] as a general mechanism for defectless crystal growth. The model reveals that the nucleation of the next layer and its consecutive growth can inhibit the growth of the underlying layers leading to the formation of observed nanotubular “bamboo” structures.