Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the sole member of the Hepacivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. The virus is ∼50 nm in diameter. Its envelope is derived from host membranes that surround a nucleocapsid containing a positive-sense, single-strand RNA genome of ∼9600 nt [1]. This is directly translated to a long polyprotein that is further processed into 10 different mature viral proteins. There is no integration of the virus into the host genome, as there is with some other RNA viruses, such as HIV. Replication of the HCV genome is believed to occur through the synthesis of an intermediate minus-strand HCV RNA driven by the viral RNA–dependent RNA polymerase. The main site of infection for HCV is the liver. This hepatotropism leads to the development of liver injury that can be monitored by measurement of the levels of serum aminotransferases. Despite a robust immune response in most individuals, hepatitis C is characterized by the chronicity of its infection. In chronically infected patients, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis develop, over decades, in 20%–30% of infected patients and, in some individuals, can eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma [2]