The antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE: is there a clue in the link between complement and coagulation?

Abstract

The heterogenous immunoglobulins known as antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) or . lupus 'anticoagulants' (LA) are prevalent in lupus patients and have been implicated in life-threatening thromboembolic events^1-3. Unfortunately, observing the presence of these antibodies in an individual does not predict the likelihood of an event nor does it predict when it may occur^4-6. A pathogenic role for these antibodies is supported by the observ ation that high titers and IgG isotype confer an increased risk of thromboembolism⁷. Addi tionally, numerous reports indicate that isolated patient antibodies interfere with various elements of the coagulation cascade^8-15. Nevertheless, attempts to correlate specific anti body characteristics with the future likelihood of a hypercoagulable event in an individual patient¹⁶have been unsuccessful to date. Given such uncertainty combined with the poten tial complications of anticoagulant medications, patients are generally not treated until sig nificant morbidity has occurred. Finally, because of the apparent high rate of reoccurrence¹⁷most patients must remain on anticoagulant therapy indefinitely, regardless of need.