Biodegradable Polymers: Prospects, Problems, and Progress

Abstract

At different times in the history of polymer science specific subjects have come to center stage; for intense investigation because they represent new and important intellectual challenges as well as technological opportunities. In past years the chief incentive for the scientific study of biodegradation of polymers was concern with the problem of preventing or retarding attack on such products by microorganisms, insects, rodents, and other animals. Many research efforts in synthetic polymer chemistry were directed toward the synthesis of polymers resistant to biodegradation. The paramount feature sought by polymer chemists and engineers was stability, and the production of such materials has been very impressive. This is still a very important factor in many applications such as paints, protective coatings, textiles, electrical insulation, and plastic films and sheets used for many applications such as upholstery and floor covering. Fortunately, most synthetic polymers are resistant to biological attack and many of these studies were concerned with choosing additives which would be bioresistant, or with providing protection for the susceptible ingredients in the plastic formulation by the use of fungicides and other biocides. In recent years, however, the picture has changed and there has been a raft of publicity about degradable plastics [1–10].