Evolution and characterization of dynamically recrystallized microstructure in a titanium-modified austenitic stainless steel using ultrasonic and EBSD techniques

Abstract

A C-scan ultrasonic imaging system was used to investigate the microstructural evolution during dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of a 15Cr–15Ni–2.2Mo–Ti modified austenitic stainless steel (alloy D9). Four specimens were forged at 1273 K to different strains in the range 0.1–0.5. Specimens with true strains of 0.2 or lower did not show any variation in the amplitude of the first back-wall echo. However, a visible variation in the C-scan image was observed at and above the 0.3 strain level. This variation was attributed to the evolution of fine grains. The formation of fine grains was related to DRX, as indicated by electron backscattered diffraction. This study also revealed the characteristics of the DRX or ‘necklace grains’, as opposed to the so-called parent grains or rest of the microstructure.