LATE MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY IN RECIPIENTS OF LONG-TERM RENAL ALLOGRAFTS

Abstract

Experience with 217 renal allografts functioning for more than 5 yr is reviewed. Patient and graft survival were similar after 5 yr, with patient survival being 88 and 66% at 10 and 15 yr, respectively, and graft survival 85 and 75% at the same time intervals. Actuarial graft survival at 15 yr was higher than patient survival, because death with a functioning graft was not considered to be graft failure. No differences in patient or graft survival were found between living related and cadaver donor allografts. There were 33 deaths (15.2%), occurring from 51/2-201/2 yr post-transplantation. Chronic liver failure and sepsis were the most common causes of death. Thirty-two patients (14.7%) lost their grafts after 5 yr, most commonly from chronic rejection. Another 33 patients (15.2%) had evidence of graft dysfunction secondary to chronic rejection, recurrent glomerulonephritis, ureteral obstruction, or renal artery stenosis. Chronic rejection was generally not responsive to alterations in immunosuppressive medication. Complications of varying severity were common, affecting 204 (94%) of the patients. The most frequent were hypertension, cataracts, avascular necrosis, malignancy, urinary tract infection and pneumonia. Transplant-related mortality and morbidity continue to occur in recipients of long-term renal allografts. These patients require careful and continuing care in medical centers experienced in transplantation.