Epidemiology of chicken anemia virus in Central African Republic and Cameroon
Open Access
- 8 September 2012
- journal article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Virology Journal
- Vol. 9 (1), 189
- https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-9-189
Abstract
Background: Although chicken anemia virus (CAV) has been detected on all continents, little is known about this virus in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to detect and characterize CAV for the first time in Central African Republic and in Cameroon. Results: An overall flock seroprevalence of 36.7% was found in Central African Republic during the 2008–2010 period. Virus prevalences were 34.2% (2008), 14.3% (2009) and 10.4% (2010) in Central African Republic and 39% (2007) and 34.9% (2009) in Cameroon. CAV DNA was found in cloacal swabs of 76.9% of seropositive chickens, suggesting that these animals excreted the virus despite antibodies. On the basis of VP1 sequences, most of the strains in Central African Republic and Cameroon belonged to 9 distinct phylogenetic clusters at the nucleotide level and were not intermixed with strains from other continent. Several cases of mixed infections in flocks and individual chickens were identified. Conclusions: Our results suggest multiple introductions of CAV in each country that later spread and diverged locally. Mixed genotype infections together with the observation of CAV DNA in cloacal samples despite antibodies suggest a suboptimal protection by antibodies or virus persistence.Keywords
This publication has 45 references indexed in Scilit:
- MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony MethodsMolecular Biology and Evolution, 2011
- Prevalence of Chicken Infectious Anaemia Virus (CIAV) in Commercial Poultry Flocks of Northern India: A Serological SurveyTransboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2011
- Detection and characterization of chicken anemia virus from commercial broiler breeder chickensVirology Journal, 2008
- The contribution of feathers in the spread of chicken anemia virusVirus Research, 2008
- A serological survey of chickens, Japanese quail, pigeons, ducks and crows for antibodies to chicken anaemia virus (CAV) in JapanAvian Pathology, 1998
- CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choiceNucleic Acids Research, 1994
- Chicken anaemia agent in South AfricaVeterinary Record, 1993
- Persistence and vertical transmission of chicken anaemia agent in experimentally infected laying hensAvian Pathology, 1992
- Persistence of maternal antibody to chicken anaemia agent and its effect on the susceptibility of young chickensAvian Pathology, 1992
- A serological survey of domestic poultry in the united kingdom for antibody to chicken anaemia agentAvian Pathology, 1988