The effect of glucagon-like peptide 1 on cardiovascular risk
- 31 January 2012
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Springer Science and Business Media LLC in Nature Reviews Cardiology
- Vol. 9 (4), 209-222
- https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2011.211
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone responsible for amplification of insulin secretion when nutrients are given orally, as opposed to intravenously, and it retains its insulinotropic activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1-based therapies, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists and inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, an enzyme that degrades endogenous GLP-1, have established effectiveness in lowering glucose levels and are routinely used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes. These agents regulate glucose metabolism through multiple mechanisms and have several effects on cardiovascular parameters. These effects, possibly independent of the glucose-lowering activity, include changes in blood pressure, endothelial function, body weight, cardiac metabolism, lipid metabolism, left ventricular function, atherosclerosis, and the response to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, GLP-1-based therapies could potentially target both diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This Review highlights the mechanisms targeted by GLP-1-based therapies, and emphasizes current developments in incretin research that are relevant to cardiovascular risk and disease, as well as treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists.Keywords
This publication has 138 references indexed in Scilit:
- Safety, tolerability and sustained weight loss over 2 years with the once-daily human GLP-1 analog, liraglutideInternational Journal of Obesity, 2011
- Native incretins prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E knockout miceDiabetologia, 2011
- Efficacy and safety of exenatide once weekly versus sitagliptin or pioglitazone as an adjunct to metformin for treatment of type 2 diabetes (DURATION-2): a randomised trialThe Lancet, 2010
- Once weekly exenatide compared with insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-3): an open-label randomised trialThe Lancet, 2010
- Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Increases Myocardial Glucose Uptake via p38α MAP Kinase–Mediated, Nitric Oxide–Dependent Mechanisms in Conscious Dogs With Dilated CardiomyopathyCirculation: Heart Failure, 2010
- Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trialDiabetologia, 2009
- Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)The Lancet, 2009
- Liraglutide, a once‐daily human GLP‐1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with Type 2 diabetes (LEAD‐1 SU)Diabetic Medicine, 2009
- Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority studyThe Lancet, 2008
- Beneficial effects of once‐daily liraglutide, a human glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue, on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in patients with Type 2 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008