Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer

Abstract
Because of evidence of reduced estrogen excretion in the urine of women who smoke cigarettes and evidence linking estrogen levels to the risk of cancer of the female reproductive system, we evaluated the risk of endometrial cancer in relation to cigarette use in a hospital-based case–control study of 510 women with endometrial cancer (cases) and 727 women with other cancers (controls).