Pesticides in Fermentative Processes of Wine

Abstract

The influence of six fungicides (azoxystrobin, cyprodinil, fludioxonil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, and tetraconazole) on the fermentative activity of two yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kloeckera apiculata) and two lactic bacteria (Leuconostoc oenos and Lactobacillus plantarum) was studied. The possibility of their being degraded by these yeasts and bacteria was also investigated. The presence of the pesticides did not affect alcoholic fermentation, not even with levels higher than those normally found in grapes in field experiments. On the contrary, their presence stimulated the yeast, especially K. apiculata, to produce more alcohol. The fermentative process did not affect the amount of pesticides either by degradation or by adsorption. During malolactic fermentation by Le. oenos, malic acid decreased slightly less (by ∼15%) in the presence of all pesticides, except mepanipyrim. A lower effect (∼5%) was found during the fermentative process with La. plantarum. The bacteria studied did not show a degradative effect on pesticides during malolactic fermentation. Keywords: Pesticides; yeast; bacteria; alcoholic fermentation; malolactic fermentation