Evaluation of NCEP–CFSR, NCEP–NCAR, ERA-Interim, and ERA-40 Reanalysis Datasets against Independent Sounding Observations over the Tibetan Plateau
Top Cited Papers
Open Access
- 1 January 2013
- journal article
- Published by American Meteorological Society in Journal of Climate
- Vol. 26 (1), 206-214
- https://doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-12-00056.1
Abstract
The NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, NCEP Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40), and interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) products are evaluated with sounding observations from an enhanced radiosonde network available every 6 h during the Tibetan Plateau Experiment (TIPEX) conducted from 10 May to 9 August 1998. This study uses more than 3000 high-quality, independent rawinsondes at 11 stations (which were not assimilated in any of the reanalyses), which represents the first time that such a comprehensive evaluation is performed to assess the quality of these four most widely used reanalysis products over this region, which is highest in the world and crucial to the global climate and weather. Averaging over the entire three-month period, it is found that each reanalysis dataset produces mean values of temperature and horizontal winds consistent with the verifying soundings (indicating relatively small mean bias); however, there are considerable differences (biases) in the mean relative humidity. On average, except for temperature at higher levels, both newer-generation reanalyses (CFSR and ERA-Interim) have smaller root-mean-square (RMS) error and bias than their predecessors (NCEP–NCAR and ERA-40). With some exceptions, the RMS errors of all variables for both CFSR and ERA-Interim (verifying with soundings) are similar in magnitude to the RMS difference between these two reanalyses, all of which are approximately twice as large as the corresponding observation errors. It is also found that there are strong diurnal variations in both RMS error and mean bias that differ greatly among different reanalyses and at different pressure levels.Keywords
This publication has 16 references indexed in Scilit:
- A Comparison of Extratropical Cyclones in Recent Reanalyses ERA-Interim, NASA MERRA, NCEP CFSR, and JRA-25Journal of Climate, 2011
- Diurnal Variations of Warm-Season Precipitation East of the Tibetan Plateau over ChinaMonthly Weather Review, 2011
- The ERA‐Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation systemQuarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 2011
- Intercomparison of humidity and temperature sensors: GTS1, Vaisala RS80, and CFHAdvances in Atmospheric Sciences, 2010
- Diurnal Variations of Warm-Season Precipitation over Northern ChinaMonthly Weather Review, 2010
- Comparison of river basin hydrometeorology in ERA‐Interim and ERA‐40 reanalyses with observationsPublished by American Geophysical Union (AGU) ,2009
- A one‐year experimental Arctic reanalysis and comparisons with ERA‐40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalysesGeophysical Research Letters, 2008
- The East Asian summer monsoon: an overviewArchiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie Serie A, 2005
- Climate change and variability using European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA‐40) temperatures on the Tibetan PlateauJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 2005
- The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis ProjectBulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 1996