Diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of the callosal angle and Evans’ index in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance and interobserver agreement of the callosal angle and Evans’ index in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to find studies assessing the diagnostic performance or interobserver agreement of the callosal angle and Evans’ index in iNPH. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of the two radiologic indices were calculated. The area under the curve (AUC) was obtained based on a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve. The diagnostic performances of both radiologic indices were compared in subgroup analysis. To evaluate interobserver agreement, the pooled correlation coefficient was calculated. Results Ten original articles (874 patients) were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the callosal angle in the diagnosis of iNPH were 91% (95% CI, 86–94%) and 93% (95% CI, 89–96%), respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of Evans’ index were 96% (95% CI, 47–100%) and 83% (95% CI, 77–88%), respectively. Subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant higher specificity of the callosal angle than that of Evans’ index (p < 0.01). The AUC of the callosal angle and Evans’ index were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98) and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84–0.90), respectively. The pooled correlation coefficients for the callosal angle and Evans’ index were 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82–0.96) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.83–0.97), respectively. Conclusions Our meta-analysis demonstrated a high performance of the callosal angle in the diagnosis of iNPH. Evans’ index showed reasonable diagnostic performance with high sensitivity but low specificity. Interobserver agreements were excellent in both radiologic indices. Key Points • Callosal angle showed high diagnostic performance in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. • Evans’ index showed reasonable diagnostic performance with high sensitivity but low specificity. • Interobserver agreements were excellent in both callosal angle and Evans’ index.