Antiviral Immunity in Amphibians
Open Access
- 30 October 2011
- Vol. 3 (11), 2065-2086
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v3112065
Abstract
Although a variety of virus species can infect amphibians, diseases caused by ranaviruses ([RVs]; Iridoviridae) have become prominent, and are a major concern for biodiversity, agriculture and international trade. The relatively recent and rapid increase in prevalence of RV infections, the wide range of host species infected by RVs, the variability in host resistance among population of the same species and among different developmental stages, all suggest an important involvement of the amphibian immune system. Nevertheless, the roles of the immune system in the etiology of viral diseases in amphibians are still poorly investigated. We review here the current knowledge of antiviral immunity in amphibians, focusing on model species such as the frog Xenopus and the salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum), and on recent progress in generating tools to better understand how host immune defenses control RV infections, pathogenicity, and transmission.Keywords
This publication has 78 references indexed in Scilit:
- Ranavirus: past, present and futureBiology Letters, 2011
- Improved Knockout Methodology Reveals That Frog Virus 3 Mutants Lacking either the 18K Immediate-Early Gene or the Truncated vIF-2 α Gene Are Defective for Replication and Growth In VivoJournal of Virology, 2011
- Waterborne infectivity of the Ranavirus frog virus 3 in Xenopus laevisVirology, 2011
- Innate Immune Evasion Mediated by the Ambystoma tigrinum Virus Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 2α HomologueJournal of Virology, 2011
- Innate Immune Responses and Permissiveness to Ranavirus Infection of Peritoneal Leukocytes in the FrogXenopus laevisJournal of Virology, 2010
- The ecology and impact of chytridiomycosis: an emerging disease of amphibiansTrends in Ecology & Evolution, 2010
- Comparative and developmental study of the immune system inXenopusDevelopmental Dynamics, 2009
- Transcriptional response of Mexican axolotls to Ambystoma tigrinum virus (ATV) infectionBMC Genomics, 2008
- Characterization of Primary and Memory CD8 T-Cell Responses against Ranavirus (FV3) inXenopus laevisJournal of Virology, 2007
- The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptorsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2005