Taking University Research into the Marketplace

Abstract

Public policy debates about genetic engineering have had three stages. The first, even before the modern molecular work was done, focused on the "chutzpah" of scientists and physicians who were willing to modify human lives and came from colleagues and others with important philosophical and religious reservations.^{1 , 2} This strain of discussion continues at a low level. The second began with the stunning proposal by leading molecular biologists that a moratorium be placed on their research because of potentially fearsome risks to life or to the environment.³ That stage included the development of guidelines by the National Institutes of Health, the . . .