Spectrum of complications in the use of intrathecal fluorescein

Abstract

The authors describe a case in which 0.5 cc of 5% fluorescein diluted in 10 cc of CSF was injected at the L4-5 level for evaluation of nasal CSF leakage. Within minutes, tone increased in lower extremities accompanied by knee and ankle clonus and subjective numbness up to the waist. Non-preserved saline irrigation of the lumbar CSF was administered until it became clear, and the patient''s head was elevated to retard developing symptomatology. Although a transient temperature elevation was observed with negative CSF cultures, all signs and symptoms cleared within 48 h. In a survey of members of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons regarding frequency of use and complications stemming from intrathecal fluorescein, the response rate was 58.3% (1111) of the 1907 members, of which 6.8% (76) had used intrathecal fluorescein, and among those, 25% (19 of the 76) observed complications involving lower extremity weakness, numbness, generalized seizure activity, opoisthotonos and cranial nerve deficit. No complications were permanent. Caution is recommended if intrathecal fluorescein must be used. Means should be available to clear the CSF of the agent and elevate the head if complications arise.