Administered the Self-Esteem Inventory to 57 male and 68 female 6th graders in their classrooms. 2 days later, Ss were exposed to a 2-trial dot-counting resistance-to-temptation situation. As predicted from cognitive consistency theory, there was a strong positive relationship between measured self-esteem and honesty for males (p < .001). Unexpectedly, there was no such relationship for females. Intelligence was not significantly related to resistance for either sex. Results provide a partial confirmation of cognitive consistency formulations. Findings are compared with: studies relating self-esteem to resistance to temptation; other behavioral and paper-and-pencil correlates; and obtained sex differences. (18 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)