Mortality in a cohort of licensed pesticide applicators in Florida
Open Access
- 1 January 1999
- journal article
- Published by BMJ in Occupational and Environmental Medicine
- Vol. 56 (1), 14-21
- https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.1.14
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Although the primary hazard to humans associated with pesticide exposure is acute poisoning, there has been considerable concern surrounding the possibility of cancer and other chronic health effects in humans. Given the huge volume of pesticides now used throughout the world, as well as environmental and food residue contamination leading to chronic low level exposure, the study of possible chronic human health effects is important. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study, analysed by general standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of licensed pesticide applicators in Florida compared with the general population of Florida. A cohort of 33,658 (10% female) licensed pesticide applicators assembled through extensive data linkages yielded 1874 deaths with 320,250 person-years from 1 January 1975 to 31 December 1993. RESULTS: The pesticide applicators were consistently and significantly healthier than the general population of Florida. As with many occupational cohorts, the risks of cardiovascular disease and of diseases associated with alcohol and tobacco use were significantly lower, even in the subpopulations--for example, men, women, and licence subcategories. Among male applicators, prostate cancer mortality (SMR 2.38 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.83 to 3.04) was significantly increased. No cases of soft tissue sarcoma were confirmed in this cohort, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was not increased. The number of female applicators was small, as were the numbers of deaths. Mortality from cervical cancer and breast cancer was not increased. Additional subcohort and exposure analyses were performed. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with previous publications on farmers but at odds with current theories about the protective effects of vitamin D, prostate cancer was increased in these pesticide applicators. Female breast cancer was not increased despite theories linking risk of breast cancer with exposure to oestrogen disruptors--such as the organochlorines. The lack of cases of soft tissue sarcoma is at odds with previous publications associating the use of the phenoxy herbicides with an increased risk of these cancers.Keywords
This publication has 43 references indexed in Scilit:
- Assessment of the neurotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos relative to other organophosphorus compounds: A critical review of the literatureJournal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 1995
- The Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk to Humans: Occupational Exposures in the Spraying and Application of InsecticidesRegulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1994
- Breast Cancer and Serum Organochlorines: a Prospective Study Among White, Black, and Asian WomenJNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1994
- Agricultural work and male infertilityAmerican Journal of Industrial Medicine, 1993
- Mortality in a Cohort of Pesticide Applicators in an Urban SettingInternational Journal of Epidemiology, 1993
- SummaryToxicology, 1993
- Brain Cancer and Farming in Western CanadaNeuroepidemiology, 1992
- Plasma glutathione turnover in the rat: effect of fasting and buthionine sulfoximineCanadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 1991
- Mortality among Forest and Soil ConservationistsArchives of environmental health, 1989
- Health problems of pesticide usage in the Third World.Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1985