M2b macrophage polarization and its roles in diseases
Open Access
- 21 December 2018
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Oxford University Press (OUP) in Journal of Leukocyte Biology
- Vol. 106 (2), 345-358
- https://doi.org/10.1002/jlb.3ru1018-378rr
Abstract
Macrophages play an important role in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic processes. Plasticity and functional polarization are hallmarks of macrophages. Macrophages commonly exist in two distinct subsets: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). M2b, a subtype of M2 macrophages, has attracted increasing attention over the past decade due to its strong immune‐regulated and anti‐inflammatory effects. A wide variety of stimuli and multiple factors modulate M2b macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo. M2b macrophages possess both protective and pathogenic roles in various diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of M2b macrophage activation and the modulation of their polarization might provide a great perspective for the design of novel therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to discuss current knowledge of M2b macrophage polarization, the roles of M2b macrophages in a variety of diseases and the stimuli to modulate M2b macrophage polarization.Keywords
Funding Information
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81503313, 81530102)
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030310403)
- Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (A2018068 for)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81503313, 81530102)
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2018A030310403)
This publication has 174 references indexed in Scilit:
- Granulin Exacerbates Lupus Nephritis via Enhancing Macrophage M2b PolarizationPLOS ONE, 2013
- Mannose-Binding Lectin Blunts Macrophage Polarization and Ameliorates Lupus NephritisPLOS ONE, 2013
- Molecular Mechanisms of Long Noncoding RNAsMolecular Cell, 2011
- STAT6 Transcription Factor Is a Facilitator of the Nuclear Receptor PPARγ-Regulated Gene Expression in Macrophages and Dendritic CellsImmunity, 2010
- Cell type-specific regulation of IL-10 expression in inflammation and diseaseImmunologic Research, 2010
- MicroRNAs: Target Recognition and Regulatory FunctionsCell, 2009
- MicroRNA Control in the Immune System: Basic PrinciplesCell, 2009
- Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activationNature Reviews Immunology, 2008
- Targeting tumors with LIGHT to generate metastasis-clearing immunityCytokine & Growth Factor Reviews, 2008
- Inflammation and its role in neuroprotection, axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injuryExperimental Neurology, 2007