Characterization of a nuclear factor, papilloma enhancer binding factor‐1, that binds the long control region of human papillomavirus type 16 and contributes to enhancer activity
- 1 January 1993
- journal article
- Published by Wiley in Molecular Carcinogenesis
- Vol. 8 (2), 96-104
- https://doi.org/10.1002/mc.2940080206
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type‐16 (HPV‐16) is an epitheliotropic DNA tumor virus associated with the development of cervical carcinoma. The expression of HPV‐16 early genes is driven by a cell‐type—specific enhancer located in the long control region of the viral genome. We identified an element within the HPV‐16 minimal enhancer that has enhancer activity and binds a nuclear factor, designated papillomavirus enhancer binding factor‐1 (PEF‐1). The element (called FP‐F by us and fp5e by Gloss et al. (EMBO J 6:3735–3743, 1987)) was originally identified as a footprint by DNase I protection experiments. The PEF‐1 binding site is centered around a CCAAT box—like CCAAC element. Introduction of A→T transversions into the CCAAC element of fp5e abolished binding of PEF‐1 and concomitantly abolished enhancer function. fp5e resembles binding sites for the transcriptional activators CTF/NF‐1 and AP‐2; however, we showed that neither of these factors interacted with this element. PEF‐1 has an apparent molecular weight of about 110 kDa, and we propose that it is a novel factor involved in the transcriptional activation of HPV‐16 gene expression.Keywords
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