Non-classical genomic estrogen receptor (ER)/specificity protein and ER/activating protein-1 signaling pathways
- 4 September 2008
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Bioscientifica in Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
- Vol. 41 (5), 263-275
- https://doi.org/10.1677/jme-08-0103
Abstract
17β-Estradiol binds to the estrogen receptor (ER) to activate gene expression or repression and this involves both genomic (nuclear) and non-genomic (extranuclear) pathways. Genomic pathways include the classical interactions of ligand-bound ER dimers with estrogen-responsive elements in target gene promoters. ER-dependent activation of gene expression also involves DNA-bound ER that subsequently interacts with other DNA-bound transcriptions factors and direct ER-transcription factor (protein–protein) interactions where ER does not bind promoter DNA. Ligand-induced activation of ER/specificity protein (Sp) and ER/activating protein-1 [(AP-1); consisting of jun/fos] complexes are important pathways for modulating expression of a large number of genes. This review summarizes some of the characteristics of ER/Sp- and ER/AP-1-mediated transactivation, which are dependent on ligand structure, cell context, ER-subtype (ERα and ERβ), and Sp protein (SP1, SP3, and SP4) and demonstrates that this non-classical genomic pathway is also functional in vivo.Keywords
This publication has 98 references indexed in Scilit:
- Sp transcription factor family and its role in cancerEuropean Journal Of Cancer, 2005
- Mammalian SP/KLF transcription factors: Bring in the familyGenomics, 2005
- Estrogen regulation of trefoil factor 1 expression by estrogen receptor α and Sp proteinsExperimental Cell Research, 2005
- Sp2 DNA Binding Activity and trans-Activation Are Negatively Regulated in Mammalian CellsPublished by Elsevier BV ,2004
- Effects of environmental estrogenic chemicals on AP1 mediated transcription with estrogen receptors α and βThe Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2004
- Estrogen receptor α and Sp1 regulate progesterone receptor gene expressionMolecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2003
- Mutations in the Estrogen Receptor DNA-binding Domain Discriminate between the Classical Mechanism of Action and Cross-talk with Stat5b and Activating Protein 1 (AP-1)Published by Elsevier BV ,2002
- Estrogen regulation of c-fos gene expression through phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-dependent activation of serum response factor in MCF-7 breast cancer cellsBiochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2002
- Unique Protein Determinants of the Subtype-selective Ligand Responses of the Estrogen Receptors (ERα and ERβ) at AP-1 SitesPublished by Elsevier BV ,2001
- Differential Ligand Activation of Estrogen Receptors ERα and ERβ at AP1 SitesScience, 1997