Introduction and recovery of point defects in electron-irradiated ZnO
Top Cited Papers
- 3 August 2005
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review B
- Vol. 72 (8), 085206
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.72.085206
Abstract
We have used positron annihilation spectroscopy to study the introduction and recovery of point defects in electron-irradiated -type ZnO. The irradiation (, fluence ) was performed at room temperature, and isochronal annealings were performed from 300 to 600 K. In addition, monochromatic illumination of the samples during low-temperature positron measurements was used in identification of the defects. We distinguish two kinds of vacancy defects: the Zn and O vacancies, which are either isolated or belong to defect complexes. In addition, we observe negative-ion-type defects, which are attributed to O interstitials or O antisites. The Zn vacancies and negative ions act as compensating centers and are introduced at a concentration . The O vacancies are introduced at a 10-times-larger concentration and are suggested to be isolated. The O vacancies are observed as neutral at low temperatures, and an ionization energy of 100 meV could be fitted with the help of temperature-dependent Hall data, thus indicating their deep donor character. The irradiation-induced defects fully recover after the annealing at 600 K, in good agreement with electrical measurements. The Zn vacancies recover in two separate stages, indicating that the Zn vacancies are parts of two different defect complexes. The O vacancies anneal simultaneously with the Zn vacancies at the later stage, with an activation energy of . The negative ions anneal out between the two annealing stages of the vacancies.
Keywords
This publication has 29 references indexed in Scilit:
- Defects produced in ZnO by 2.5-MeV electron irradiation at 4.2 K: Study by optical detection of electron paramagnetic resonancePhysical Review B, 2004
- Realization of p-type ZnO thin films via phosphorus doping and thermal activation of the dopantApplied Physics Letters, 2003
- Properties of arsenic-doped p-type ZnO grown by hybrid beam depositionApplied Physics Letters, 2003
- First-principles study of native point defects in ZnOPhysical Review B, 2000
- The influence of Mg doping on the formation of Ga vacancies and negative ions in GaN bulk crystalsApplied Physics Letters, 1999
- Production and annealing of electron irradiation damage in ZnOApplied Physics Letters, 1999
- Introduction and recovery of point defects in electron-irradiated Te- and Si-doped GaAs studied by positron lifetime spectroscopyPhysical Review B, 1995
- Gallium vacancies and gallium antisites as acceptors in electron-irradiated semi-insulating GaAsPhysical Review B, 1992
- Positron trapping at vacancies in electron-irradiated Si at low temperaturesPhysical Review B, 1989
- Interactions hyperfines du centre F+ dans ZnOPhysica Status Solidi (b), 1975