TECHNOLOGY OF BARLEY BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO SMUT FUNGI

Abstract

The technology of creating varieties of barley resistant to the smut diseases has been developed. Their cultivation will help to reduce crop losses, increase the profitability of seed production, improve the quality of seeds, and reduce the environmental risk from the use of chemical plant protection products. This technology was first implemented in the Kemerovo Region in 1988-1999. The wide distribution of species Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Kell. et Sw. (65 %) and U. nigra Tapke (35 %) was revealed. The covered smut ( Ustilago hordei (Pers.) Kell. Et Sw.) was registered in individual collection varieties. The first and tenth races of a loose smut and the sixth race of a black loose smut were identified. The sources of individual and group immunity to the smut fungi from the world gene pool of barley are distinguished: Moskovsky 3/125, Suzdalets, Ramos (Moscow Region); Kazer (Rostov Region); line 3 KM-1192 (Belarus); Kumir Odessky (Ukraine); Guardian (Canada). The donor properties of resistance to a loose smut in the Bagan variety, line 53 HVS 91/76, line 1899 were studied. They are recommended for use in breeding programs. With their participation a new hybrid fund was created. Variability and inheritance of quantitative traits of productivity of hybrids was studied. To select the recombinants immune to the loose smut in combination with high productivity, the most promising combinations of hybrids have been identified: Bagan × Viner; Bagan × KM-16; l. 53 HVS 91/76 × KM-7; KM-7 × l. 1899; l. 1899 × KM-7. Among them, prospective breeding lines have been selected. The results of the implementation of technology elements in the selection of barley for resistance to smut fungi is the creation of immune highly productive varieties of a new generation: Simon and Luka (Kemerovo Region). They are included in the State register of breeding achievements since 2004.