Dose rate determination for 125I seeds

Abstract

Dose rates in water have been determined for the two types of 1 2 5I seed currently used in brachytherapy. The need for such determinations became evident when water/air ratios measured with a silicon diode were found to be lower than expected. Extensive measurements using lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD’s) have been performed in a solid water phantom, at distances from 0.1 to 10 cm from the seed center and at angular increments of 10°, 15°, or 30° within a plane through the seed axis. Dosecalibration of the TLD’s was accomplished by irradiation in air with 1 2 5I seeds of the same type and of strengths traceable to a calibration at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Relative calibration of TLD’s was monitored by irradiation, in an oven‐type x‐ray machine, of control dosimeters simultaneously and all dosimeters intercurrently with the 1 2 5I irradiations. Values obtained for the dose rate constant, i.e., dose rate per unit air‐kerma strength at 1 cm on the transverse axis, were 0.853 and 0.932 cGy h− 1 U− 1 (1.08 and 1.18 cGy h− 1 mCi− 1) for the 6711 and 6702 seeds, respectively. Measured data were supplemented with Monte Carlo‐calculated relative dose rate data generated using the MORSE code. These calculations used 100 energy groups from 10 to 35.4 keV and involved energy collection bins ranging from 0.025 to 1.2 cm on an edge. Normalized at 1 cm, transverse axis calculated data are not significantly different from measured data (ours or cited literature) at distances either 8 cm. Normalized at different distances along the transverse axis, our off‐axis calculated and measured distributions agree closely at all angles but differ from literature measured distributions at small (≤1 cm) distances and, for small angles, increasingly at larger distances (≥5 cm).