Dissipative dynamics of a two-state system coupled to a heat bath

Abstract

The dynamics of a two-state system coupled to the dissipative degrees of freedom of the environment appears in many different contexts. In this paper we have given a general formulation of the problem as well as a detailed comparison of two a priori very different heat baths: (a) a collection of harmonic oscillators coupled to the system, and (b) a collection of fermions coupled to the system. Consideration of such heat baths is motivated by the assertion that the weakly excited states of the environment can be modeled by a collection of elementary excitations following Landau. Our conclusion is that the case of Ohmic dissipation of harmonic-oscillator heat bath is very similar to the fermionic bath, although a crucially important dimensionless parameter α assumes a different range of values in the two different cases.