Functional Mitral Regurgitation
- 1 November 2010
- journal article
- review article
- Published by Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) in Cardiology in Review
- Vol. 18 (6), 285-291
- https://doi.org/10.1097/crd.0b013e3181e8e648
Abstract
Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is a common clinical entity which will likely increase in the future due to predicted demographic changes. It is also associated with poor long-term survival. The anatomic structure of the mitral valve apparatus is complex and consists of several components, each of which can be affected by a variety of diseases resulting in MR. In primary MR, the valvular incompetence is caused by compromised or structurally disrupted components of the valve apparatus; the valve in functional MR is structurally normal, with the regurgitation resulting from failure of coaptation of the mitral valve leaflets without coexisting structural changes of the valve itself. Therefore, we defined functional MR as a systolic retrograde flow from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to reduction and/or elimination of the normal systolic coaptation of the mitral valve leaflets. A slow progression of the symptoms is typical for this valve disease and often ends in irreversible left ventricular dysfunction. The pathophysiology and treatment of functional MR are quite complex. This article reviews and summarizes the existing literature, with a focus on the pathophysiology and current treatment of functional MR.Keywords
This publication has 80 references indexed in Scilit:
- ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart DiseaseCirculation, 2006
- A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: The Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart DiseaseEuropean Heart Journal, 2003
- Management of ischaemic mitral regurgitationHeart, 2003
- ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines (Committee on management of patients with valvular heart disease)Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 1998
- Immunohistological evidence for a chronic intramyocardial inflammatory process in dilated cardiomyopathy.Heart, 1996
- Evidence from family studies for autoimmunity in dilated cardiomyopathyThe Lancet, 1994
- Clinical and prognostic significance of detection of enteroviral RNA in the myocardium of patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy.Circulation, 1994
- The Frequency of Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Series of Patients with Idiopathic Dilated CardiomyopathyThe New England Journal of Medicine, 1992
- Viral heart diseaseSpringer Seminars in Immunopathology, 1989
- The Mitral ApparatusCirculation, 1972