To compare compliance in older adults with that of younger people, two studies investigated general practice patients taking either a short course of antibiotics or long-term medication. These studies examined the effects of age on compliance separately from other factors such as memory, domestic conditions, health beliefs, numbers of drugs being taken, etc. The results indicate that seven variables were independently and significantly related to better compliance: accurate knowledge of regimen; belief in the importance of taking tablets exactly as prescribed; low resentment of time spent waiting to see the doctor; less fear of illness; ability to read the label on the bottle; understanding what the doctor has said; and living with a relative. Age as such was not a factor affecting compliance. The results are discussed in terms of the potential influence of GPs in improving compliance in their patients.